As the demand for solar energy continues to grow, it is important to understand the factors that can impact the efficiency of solar panels. One of the most significant factors is shading, which can have a major impact on the amount of energy that a solar panel can produce.
In this guide, we will explore how shading affects solar panels and what steps you can take to optimise the performance of your solar energy system.
Understanding How Solar Panels Work
Before we dive into how shading affects solar panels, let’s first review how they work. Solar panels are made up of photovoltaic cells, which convert sunlight into direct current (DC) electricity. This DC electricity is then converted into alternating current (AC) electricity by an inverter, which can be used to power your home or business.
The amount of electricity that a solar panel can produce depends on several factors, including the size of the panel, the efficiency of the photovoltaic cells, and the amount of sunlight that the panel receives.
How Shading Affects Solar Panels
When a solar panel is shaded, even partially, it can have a significant impact on the amount of energy that it can produce. This is because shading reduces the amount of sunlight that reaches the photovoltaic cells, which in turn reduces the amount of electricity that they can produce.
Even a small amount of shading can have a big impact on the performance of a solar panel. For example, if just one cell in a panel is shaded, it can reduce the panel’s overall energy output by as much as 25%.
Types of Solar Panel Shading
There are two main types of shading that can affect solar panels: soft shading and hard shading.
Soft Shading:
Soft shading occurs when there is partial shading on the surface of the solar panel. This can be caused by objects like trees, bushes, or nearby buildings casting shadows on the panel. The shading may not cover the entire panel, but only a portion of it. This type of shading can have a significant impact on the performance of the solar panel, as it can cause a mismatch in the electric field.
When a solar panel is partially shaded, the cells that are shaded will generate less electricity than the cells that are exposed to sunlight. This causes a drop in the overall voltage of the panel. This voltage drop can lead to a reduction in power output, and in extreme cases, it can cause the panel to stop generating electricity altogether.
Hard Shading:
Hard shading occurs when an object completely blocks the sun from reaching the solar panel. This can be caused by objects like buildings, walls, or large structures. When a solar panel is hard shaded, it is essentially cut off from the sun, and it will not be able to generate any electricity.
Shading from soiling
Soiling refers to the buildup of dirt, dust, and other debris on the surface of the solar panel. This buildup can cause shading, as it prevents sunlight from reaching the solar cells.
Shading from soiling can have a significant impact on the performance of solar panels. The amount of shading will depend on the severity of the soiling, as well as the angle and direction of the sunlight. In some cases, shading from soiling can cause a drop in power output of up to 30%.
To prevent shading from soiling, it’s important to keep your solar panels clean. Regular maintenance, such as cleaning and inspection, can help to minimise the impact of soiling on your solar panels. In addition to improving performance, regular maintenance can also extend the lifespan of your solar panels.
Solutions to Shading:
There are several solutions that can be used to minimise the impact of shading on solar panels. One solution is to use bypass diodes. Bypass diodes help to redirect the flow of electricity around any shaded cells, allowing the panel to continue generating power.
Another solution is to use micro-inverters. These are small inverters that are installed on each individual solar panel. They allow each panel to operate independently, which means that shaded cells won’t affect the performance of the entire system.
Ultimately, the best way to minimise the impact of shading on solar panels is to avoid shading altogether. This can be done by placing your panels in a location that receives maximum sunlight throughout the day. If shading is unavoidable, it’s important to work with a qualified professional to design a system that can minimise the impact of shading and maximise the energy production of your solar panels.
Regular maintenance, such as cleaning and inspection, is important to minimise the impact of soiling and maximise the energy production of your solar panels.
How to Minimise the Impact of Shading
While shading can have a significant impact on the performance of solar panels, there are several steps that you can take to minimise its effects.
- Choose the right location: When installing solar panels, it is important to choose a location that receives plenty of sunlight throughout the day. This will help to minimise the impact of shading and maximise the amount of energy that your solar panels can produce.
- Use micro-inverters: Micro-inverters are a type of inverter that are installed on each individual solar panel. This allows each panel to operate independently, which can help to minimise the impact of shading. If one panel is shaded, it will not affect the performance of the other panels in the array.
- Trim nearby trees: If trees or other foliage are causing shading, consider trimming them back or removing them entirely. This can help to ensure that your solar panels receive as much sunlight as possible.
- Regular cleaning: One of the simplest and most effective ways to minimise the impact of shading from soiling is to keep your solar panels clean. Regular cleaning can help to remove dirt, dust, and other debris from the surface of the panels, allowing sunlight to reach the solar cells. How often you need to clean your solar panels will depend on several factors, such as the location and environment of the panels.
Conclusion
Shading can have a major impact on the performance of solar panels, but by understanding how it works and taking the appropriate steps, you can minimise its effects. Choosing the right location, using micro-inverters, trimming nearby trees, and regular cleaning can all help to ensure that your solar panels operate at maximum efficiency.
If you are considering installing solar panels on your home or business, it is important to work with an experienced installer who can help you optimise the performance of your system. By taking the time to understand the impact of shading and implementing the appropriate measures, you can enjoy the benefits of solar energy for years to come.
Eco Shine Solar provides reliable cleaning and maintenance services that can help you keep your solar panels in top shape. Don’t hesitate to reach out to us for assistance, and let us help you maximise your solar investment.
